摘要 :
The territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in India consumes tobacco and becoming the 'smoke capital' of north India due to the massive generation of indoor pollution. There is a high incidence of obstructive pulmonary disease and mouth cancer despite WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), 2012 in force. The Government has restricted the smoke and smokeless tobacco items to prevent cardiovascular diseases under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP), 2008, Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Rules (COTPR), 2009, Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Import, Export, Sale, Distribution, Storage and Advertisement) Ordinance, 2019. The J&K State enacted the J&K State Prohibition of Smoking Cinema and Theatre Halls Act, 2009, and adopted the National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP), 2016. However, even though laws are in place, these steps' effectiveness always remains a matter of grave concern. The paper examines the efficacy of Article 5.3 of WHO-FCTC, 2012 in Indian public health laws and policies and Jammu and Kashmir....
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The territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in India consumes tobacco and becoming the 'smoke capital' of north India due to the massive generation of indoor pollution. There is a high incidence of obstructive pulmonary disease and mouth cancer despite WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), 2012 in force. The Government has restricted the smoke and smokeless tobacco items to prevent cardiovascular diseases under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP), 2008, Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Rules (COTPR), 2009, Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Import, Export, Sale, Distribution, Storage and Advertisement) Ordinance, 2019. The J&K State enacted the J&K State Prohibition of Smoking Cinema and Theatre Halls Act, 2009, and adopted the National Tobacco Control Program (NTCP), 2016. However, even though laws are in place, these steps' effectiveness always remains a matter of grave concern. The paper examines the efficacy of Article 5.3 of WHO-FCTC, 2012 in Indian public health laws and policies and Jammu and Kashmir.
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摘要 :
India has a distinction of extensive mining for development pursuits and undermining environmental and social imperatives. The legal policy for sustainable mining is governed by Mines Act, 1952, The Mines and Minerals (Development...
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India has a distinction of extensive mining for development pursuits and undermining environmental and social imperatives. The legal policy for sustainable mining is governed by Mines Act, 1952, The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act,1957, Mineral Concession Rule, 1960, Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988. The techno-legal dimension of mining under National Mineral Policy, 1993 and, National Mineral Policy of 2008 chart out a sustainable mining framework. The legislative history of mining is centripetal to the developer for extracting minerals and neglecting towards ecological sustainability. On the other hand, the workers face the appalling state of health and safety. The innocent population living in mining areas often suffers from adverse environmental impacts and polluted atmosphere. The paper takes a legal stance on precept and practices for developing sustainable mining in the Meghalaya State of India.
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